Go back to the early days of seafaring. Wood, a porous material, is used to construct the boat.
In addition, the ship sailed at a very slow speed compared to modern ships. Therefore, the hull is a great source for the growth of marine fauna and flora. when there are more Vessels, it has to carry more weight by default, this raises the drag load and slows the ship down.
Later, modern ships began to use metal as a shipbuilding material. The sea worm problem has been resolved.
But other marine animals and plants that come to the bottom of the ship still exist. It is the genesis of the creation of antifouling paint, which incorporates copper as a fundamental element. And it’s the inherent hue of copper that gives the red antifouling tint.
In fact, with advancements in technology today, any color can be mixed. However, the majority of people choose to preserve the red color because it is founded on long-established traditions
In addition, at the bow of the boat there is a vertical white number writing.
It is used aboard ships to determine the weight of cargo. Helping to determine the quantity of gasoline that will be consumed for transportation more efficient as well.
Various compounds have also been created and developed to avoid fouling such as Tri-Butyl Tin (TBT). Boat builders are consequently seeking for alternatives that are less damaging and ecologically friendly as feasible.
refer
https://www.marineinsight.com/videos/video-why-are-ships-painted-red-below-the-waterline/
https://www.chi.co.th/article/article-850/